A recent decision at the U.S. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (the “Board”) once again highlights the importance of proper brand name selection and clearance.
In the case of In re Conleasco, Inc. (TTAB July 7, 2010), the Applicant sought registration for the trademark BECKER FURNITURE WORLD for “retail store services in the field of furniture, home furnishings, rugs, window treatments, gas fireplaces, paint, flooring, sinks, bathtubs, showers, and toilets.” Registration of that mark was refused by examining attorney Christopher Buongiorno on the ground it so resembles the registered mark STUDIOBECKER for “kitchen, living room, bathroom, dining room and bedroom furniture; wall components, namely, shelving and furniture, kitchen, bathroom and medicine cabinets, sold separately or as a unit; and room dividing furniture made of wood, metal, synthetic or laminate materials” as to be likely to cause consumer confusion or consumer deception as the to the source of the parties’ respective goods and services.
What? Why would the mark Becker Furniture World for retail store services and the mark StudioBecker for furniture likely cause consumer confusion or deception!? Read on and find out.
Important to note that the application for the mark BECKER FURNITURE WORLD was based upon an intent-to-use the mark in commerce. Meaning that Applicant claimed in its application that its mark was not yet being used in commerce as of the application filing date — or as of May 29, 2008. The cited registration issued well before then on January 16, 2001. As of the May 29, 2008 application filing date, Applicant was clearly on constructive notice as to the registration of the mark STUDIOBECKER for certain furniture products. A properly conducted trademark search would have found that registration. And an availability opinion should have raised a red flag.
In upholding the examining attorney’s refusal, the Board considered the following main factors:
Similarity of the Parties’ Respective Goods and Services and Channels of Trade
The Board first noted that it’s not necessary that the parties’ respective goods and/or services be identical or even competitive in order to support a finding of likelihood of consumer confusion. That’s so because it’s sufficient that the goods and/or services are related in some manner, or that the circumstances surrounding their marketing are such that they would be likely to be encountered by the same persons in situations that would give rise, because of the marks being used, to a mistaken belief that they originate from or are in some way associated with the same source, or that there’s an association or connection between the sources of the parties’ respective goods and/or services. The Board correctly noted that because the subject application and registration don’t contain any limitations as to the channels of trade in which the goods and services travel that it’s presumed that they travel in all channels of trade which are normal for those goods and services and they would be available to all potential buyers in those channels of trade. The Board also pointed out that it’s well settled that consumer confusion is likely to result from the use of the same or similar trademark for goods, on the one hand, and for services involving those goods, on the other hand.
Under the facts of this case, the Board found that retail store services featuring furnishing and home furnishings may involve the sale of the registrant’s living room, dining room and bedroom furniture. Thus, the Board found that the parties’ respective goods and services are sufficiently related and that consumer confusion is likely should those goods and services be offered under the same or similar trademark(s).
Marks
The Board turned next to the issue of whether the marks BECKER FURNITURE WORLD and STUDIOBECKER are similar or dissimilar in terms of sound, appearance, connotation and commercial impression. Although the Board must compare the parties’ respective marks in their entireties when determining the issue of likelihood of confusion, it’s well settled that the Board or court may give more weight to a dominant portion of a mark when considering a mark’s overall commercial impression. Furthermore, the test is not whether the marks can be distinguished when subjected to a side-by-side comparison, but rather whether the marks are sufficiently similar in terms of their overall commercial impression such that confusion as the source of the goods and services is likely. Applying those principles, the Board found that the dominant portion in each mark was BECKER.
The Board found that the marks are similar in terms of connotation, since the terms FURNITURE WORLD and STUDIO only lend slightly different meanings to the marks, since they would only be seen as modifiers of the dominant term BECKER. In terms of overall commercial impression, the Board found that the marks are similar in that they both convey BECKER as the source of the parties’ respective goods and services. Comparing the marks in terms of overall appearance and sound, the Board quickly disposed that issue by finding that the marks are more similar than dissimilar due to the use of the term BECKER in both marks.
The Board concluded by stating that although one mark includes the wording FURNITIRE WORLD and the other STUDIO, consumers familiar with registrant’s living room, dining room and bedroom furniture identified under the mark STUDIOBECKER are likely, upon encountering applicant’s retail sale services in the field of furniture and home furnishings identified by the mark BECKER FURNITURE WORLD, to mistakenly believe that applicant’s retail store services in the field of furniture are related in some manner to registrant’s individual furniture items.
Accordingly, the Board upheld the examining attorney’s refusal to register on the ground of likelihood of confusion.
What have we learned from the Board’s decision? We learned that when clearing and selecting trademarks, we must consider, at a minimum, the following trademark principles:
1. Overall similarity of the marks? We don’t only check to see whether there are identical third party trademarks. We must search for “confusingly similar” trademarks. Trademark attorneys should carry out availability searches, not the assistant to the assistant secretary. Please remember this principle: “There are attorneys that say they do trademarks. Then there are trademark attorneys.” Please seek out the latter.
2. Relatedness of goods/services? The goods and/or services only need to be related for there to be a finding of likelihood of confusion. As long as consumers would reasonably believe that the parties’ respective goods and/or services are of the type that may originate from the same source – that’s all we need to raise the “relatedness red flag.” Period.
3. Channels of trade and class of buyers? When considering whether a selected mark is available, one must consider the channels of trade and the class of buyers. Most examining attorneys forget these important points.
4. As we’ll see in an upcoming post, strategic trademark application drafting may be warranted. Applicants must know what landmines potentially exist and, if ethically available, be sure to draft trademark applications that don’t raise “examining attorney” red flags. Once a red flag goes up, good luck convincing some examiners to take it down, even if the red flag is not warranted.
Stay tuned for my next post when I discuss the Board’s recent decision refusing registration of a mark for clothing due to a registered mark for oyster bar services. What?!